To fully understand how Cardano works, you need to understand a few concepts - the Cardano mechanism is very similar to Bitcoin, just extended with some additional functions:

• UTXOs

• smart contract

• smart contract

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UTXOs

Perhaps the most important concept to understand Cardano is the UTXO model—the UTXO model was originally used in Bitcoin, but there are many restrictions in the development of smart contracts. Ethereum abandoned this model in order to realize smart contracts, and instead adopted the account model (supporting smart Most of the public chains of the contract are like this).

Cardano inherits the advantages of Bitcoin at the consensus layer. In terms of state selection, it considers the implementation requirements of smart contracts, draws on the design ideas of Ethereum, and adopts an improved modified version of UTXO (EUTXO) to realize the smart contract. Contract support.

Among them CardanodocumentThere is a series of video tutorials that explain many concepts at a high level, including how each transaction is implemented and how UTXOs work.

The first two videos on UTXO and transactions are very important concepts to understand, which allow us to understand how assets are stored in Cardano, and the information stored in each transaction.

After understanding the high-level concepts of UTXO and transactions, the best practice is to actually construct and submit a transaction, which is divided into 3 steps:

• construct a transaction;

• Sign this transaction with your private key;

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Cardano-cli

The first method to build, sign and submit a transaction is to use "Cardano-cli", which is very friendly and almost guarantees the success of the transaction, but it requires the user to set up a Cardano node themselves.

For many ordinary users, this is undoubtedly a big threshold-requires quite powerful hardware and a lot of spare memory.

However the Cardano docs also have a section on how to run the node and CLIguide。

If you've already set up a node, here's an example of a very simple transaction you can trysecondary title。

Cardano-serialization-lib + a light wallet

The second way to construct and submit a transaction is to use Cardano-serialization-lib with a light wallet.

Although users can use any light wallet they want, I created a project as an example to demonstrate how to use Cardano-serialization-lib and Yoroi wallet to build, sign and submit transactions to the testnet.

Mainly demonstrate how to generate an NFT and send it to the script address:

• install firstYoroi Nightly(Development version of Yoroi wallet, support testnet).

• then fromFaucetGet some testnet ADA on

• Then you can copy thisGithub repositorysecondary titlehttp://localhost: 8080/）

Tokens and NFTs

Once you understand how basic transactions work, it's worth taking a closer look at how tokens and NFTs work on Cardano.

articlearticle, in fact, tokens and NFTs are called "native assets" in Cardano because Cardano supports custom tokens and NFTs on the blockchain layer, while Ethereum uses smart contracts to represent these assets.

Tokens and NFTs are treated the same way on Cardano as on ADA, essentially each asset has a unique ID, whereas ADA has an empty string as its unique ID.

There are two important concepts to understand about tokens and NFTs:

• Mint strategy

• Metadata (Metadatcea)

A token's ID is really just a hash of its Mint Policy, which is a set of instructions indicating whether it can be Mint.

The metadata of the token is where other important information about the token is located, currentlyCIP 25 secondary title

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useCLI, using serialization-lib +secondary title，

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textPlutus Pioneer Program」。

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