Editor's Note: This article comes fromDappReview（ID：dappreview）, reprinted by Odaily with authorization.
, reprinted by Odaily with authorization.
About the author: Cao Yin, managing director of the Digital Renaissance Foundation, invests and incubates multiple digital financial projects, a staunch supporter and researcher of digital art, especially concerned about European digital art, hoping to reconcile Yin and Yang Integrating rational digital finance and emotional digital art.
Twitter：@CaoArmand
Traditional art is often high-sounding, and the creators expect to use their works to communicate with the audience, but most of the results are chicken and duck talking, and they can only call the audience this time. With the rise of digital art, many artists invite audiences to join in their creations in order to improve the interactive relationship between works and audiences. However, in this passive interaction, audiences are basically reduced to tool people, and it is difficult to have emotional interaction with the works. Digital art researcher Cao Yin believes that the emergence of programmable encryption art has completely changed the way of artistic creation and experience. Artists have completed the decentralization of creative rights, and audiences will become creators in the true sense. With the blessing of blockchain technology, "everyone is an artist" will no longer be a slogan.
About the author: Cao Yin, managing director of the Digital Renaissance Foundation, invests and incubates multiple digital financial projects, a staunch supporter and researcher of digital art, especially concerned about European digital art, hoping to reconcile Yin and Yang Integrating rational digital finance and emotional digital art.
The author thanks Jiaying Liu for the revision comments.
Although many contemporary artists of the new school have always advertised the secondary re-creation that encourages the audience to participate, there is no dialogue in the spiritual internalization of this so-called artistic experience. The artist pours his whole life's emotion and thinking into the works of art, expecting to resonate with the audience with works no matter material or immaterial. real experience. However, due to the lack of professional artistic training and expression skills, the audience cannot re-externalize the emotional experience that may have been internalized into language to communicate with the artist and other audiences. The self-admiration and stagnation of depression seriously limit the artist's creativity, and also make the expressiveness of the artwork appear superficial or even ridiculous.
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Interactive digital work "Plane White" by Carina Ow
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The famous conceptual artist Sol LeWitt (Sol LeWitt) practiced similar interactive creations in a non-digital way as early as the 1960s. Sol’s representative works "Wall Painting" series, Sol provided the text version of the wall Painting guidelines, and then the workers complete the specific wall painting. However, the guide provided by Saul is very abstract, generally only a few words of visual elements, such as color and shape, etc. The specific spatial distance, size, and shape combination of the painting are drawn on the wall by the workers according to their own understanding of the artwork. After painting, Saul will provide a signed certificate to prove that it is Saul's work, but the name of the worker who painted the wall stroke by stroke will not be recorded.
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Sol LeWitt - Wall Drawing #16, black pencil, lines 12 inches (30 cm) wide, intersecting in three directions (vertical, horizontal, diagonal right). September 1969, Tate Gallery
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Drawing guide for Saul's work (left page) and signed certificate (right page), 1970, Tate Gallery
The emergence of programmable encryption art has completely changed the previous Sol-style interactive art creation and experience methods. The automated smart contract with multi-person participation provides a new interactive way for art creation. Thanks to the rich custom functions endowed by the smart contract, As well as the encrypted public-private key mechanism of the blockchain, the audience can deeply and real-time join the artist's creation. More importantly, unlike Saul's creation method, the audience who has mastered the smart contract Token has become a real art creator in fact and in name, and his ownership of the work can be permanently stored in the blockchain in the form of Token. reflected on it without the artist's signature endorsement.
The encrypted artwork "First Supper", which was auctioned in March 2020, is a milestone work of programmable encrypted art. This painting is not a simple static picture, but a programmable artwork composed of 22 layers , the work is jointly launched by the encrypted art platform AsyncArt and thirteen encrypted artists.<22:24,22/05,2020>image descriptionhttps://res.cloudinary.com/
the Master image,
The main body of "First Supper" is a Master (main canvas), and the Master is composed of 22 Layers (layers). In addition to referring to the entire work, the Master also includes a configuration file stored on IPFS, which mainly records information such as the picture containing the Layer and the location of the Layer in the Master. Each Layer is a specific and visible work layer, which is also stored on IPFS. Layer has multiple parameters: artist, owner, Master to which it belongs, and Layer parameters.
Layer icons of "First Supper"
Each Layer of "First Supper" has independent ownership and control rights. The Master and 22 Layers are tokenized on Ethereum respectively. That is to say, the painting of First Supper has 1 Master NFT and 22 different NFTs. Layer NFT. On each Layer page, the names of the artist and the owner are displayed at the same time, and the Token owner of the Layer can change the Layer settings at any time. However, limited by the current technology, the variable options of the Layer in "First Supper" are not open. The artist who created the Layer pre-set limited variable parameters for each Layer, such as adjusting color, rotation, and visual content. With the development of blockchain technology in the future, new programmable encrypted artwork can support user-defined Layer settings, which will greatly enhance the artistic expression of encrypted artwork.
The layer interface of the Layer "The Three Graces" of "First Supper", created by the famous digital artist group Hackatao
"First Supper" is the first attempt of multi-person collaborative programmable encrypted artwork. Although there are still many limitations, it has been proved that when the smart contract on the blockchain becomes a new carrier of artistic creation, the process of artistic creation can be achieved in space and time. From the perspective of art history, the historical importance of "First Supper" is equivalent to Duchamp's "Fountain" (see the picture below).
Marcel Duchamp's "Fountain" (actually a ceramic urinal bought in the market), 1917
Known as the "patron saint of modern art", Duchamp separated artists from the heavy standards of craftsmen's manual labor. He proposed that artists can create art through concepts. In Duchamp's autobiography, he believed that he Every breath is art, which has brought great changes to contemporary art. In 1917, Duchamp redefined the connotation and extension of art with the shocking work "Fountain", which aroused a great debate in the whole society about what art is and why, and became an important cornerstone of modern art thought. It is Andy Warhol, The direct source of Pop Art of Banksy, KAWS and Takashi Murakami, and Pop Art is now the main expression style of encryption art. From this perspective, there is a century-old gap between "First Supper" and "Fountain". Spiritual dialogue.
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Programmable encrypted artwork not only breaks the absolute boundaries between art creators, viewers, and investors, but also expands the depth and boundaries of artistic expressions and ideological connotations unprecedentedly. In works, audiences holding contract tokens can Change the performance elements of the work at any time, which allows the audience not only to have a dialogue with the artistic self in the work, express the emotional experience under the visual art context of the specific work, but also, the social participation and instant performance of programmable encryption art Sexuality also breaks through the limitations of the work itself, enabling the audience to re-express their rational thinking and emotional impulses about the external world in the form of artistic vocabulary at any time in the work, which endows the art work with a rare immediacy.
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Lau Ka Wing, "Red and Blue", 2020https://opensea.io/category/red-and-blue
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