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Produced | Odaily (ID: o-daily), Block Beats (ID: BlockBeats)
On July 10th, at the StakingCon -- Staking Ecological Conference co-hosted by Odaily and BlockBeats, MultiVAC CTO Ying Xiang delivered a keynote speech, introducing in detail MultiVAC's full-dimensional sharding high-performance elastic public chain technology, And how to mine on the MultiVAC blockchain.
Ying Xiang said that MultiVAC has truly broken through the TPS and scalability issues of the blockchain network, and ordinary home computers can also mine on the MultiVAC blockchain. According to the data provided by MultiVAC, the TPS performance of the blockchain network of 3200 dual-core computing units is almost the same as that of the network of 800 octa-core computing units, which means that ordinary household computers can also participate in MultiVAC mining, and the blockchain network will not It is then monopolized by mining pools and mining machines. MultiVAC will release this feature soon.
What are MultiVACs?
Ying Xiang first introduced that MultiVAC is a high-performance elastic public chain based on trusted sharding computing. It has carried out the underlying technology innovation of full-dimensional sharding for computing, storage and transmission, and is an elastic and scalable framework. MultiVAC proposes a credibility probability model based on a verifiable random function to select shard nodes, and applies this model to key links such as blockchain transactions, computing, and storage, so that the task goal can be achieved with the participation of some nodes Extremely high reliability.
Ying Xiang said that the "CAP triangle problem" is difficult to break through in a distributed system, and it must be a liar to say that it can be solved easily.
Therefore, what MultiVAC is committed to providing is an underlying model and a flexible framework. On this system, MultiVAC only provides the lowest-level framework. Different requirements have different requirements for the platform. Developers can choose upper-level applications according to their own needs.
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What's special about MultiVAC?
Ying Xiang introduced that the MultiVAC development team is mainly from Google. In the past year, it has released a number of technical documents such as the white paper on elastic computing technology, the yellow paper on full-dimensional sharding technology, and the purple paper on programming model technology. The testnet has also been released. Version 2.0.
The core technological breakthrough of MultiVAC is that miners no longer need a complete ledger to mine. In most public chains, miners need to bear a large storage and transmission load. Bitcoin and Ethereum have a capacity of hundreds of GB or several TB at every turn, while a miner in MultiVAC only needs a small data structure , less than 1KB, you can participate in mining, you can verify transactions, you can generate blocks, package them, vote, and finally verify them.
In MultiVAC, all miners do not need a complete data structure, but only a very small data structure, and another kind of node - storage node, provides data storage and transmission services. However, storage nodes do not have control over data. It is more similar to operators such as China Unicom, which provides hardware facilities but does not decide what to run. The advantage is that miners can join with a very low threshold, and at the same time, miners can fully control the entire system without any centralized decision-making nodes. This is the core advantage of MultiVAC.
Since miners only need 1KB of data to mine, in MultiVAC, miners can "come and go freely" and can quickly switch between multiple shards. Many people have questioned the security of sharding technology, that is, a small number of miners are fixed in a certain shard, which makes attacks easier. This has been well solved in the network of miners who can jump flexibly in MultiVAC. Each person only needs one With a 2-core 4GB computer, you can join MultiVAC to become a miner and get mining rewards. This means that almost every computer in the world can become a MultiVAC miner.
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How to mine in MultiVAC?
At present, MultiVAC provides three forms of mining: the first is cloud mining, which will charge hardware resource rental fees in the future, and is now available for free, and has been open for more than one month.
The second is client-side mining, as long as you have a dual-core 4GB computing device, you can mine. MultiVAC is about to release the PC version of the mining client, and is planning IOS and Android versions. Users only need to download the mining client to become a node mining.
The third is storage node mining, which is specially aimed at users who have super-large hard disk storage and can become storage nodes. This will be officially released in version 3.0 of the testnet.
At present, MultiVAC has started pre-mining for more than a month, with 1060 nodes in operation, with a total mortgage amount of more than 100 million, and more than 10 million MTV mining rewards have been issued. The average reward for a single mining person in the second stage is more than 50,000 MTV. At present, the annualized rate of return of pre-mining exceeds 120%. Ying Xiang introduced that with the increase of the number of miners, the rate of return will decrease to a certain extent, but the overall mining income is still very considerable. The more nodes there are, the better the whole system will be. Stable and more reliable.
MultiVAC is in the third stage of pre-mining, and the mortgage amount is sprinting from 100 million to 150 million tokens. Users can mine through the cloud resources provided by the official, and can also form a node with other people to join the mining group.
The following is the full text of Ying Xiang’s speech:
Thank you host, thank you organizers and Block Rhythm, I am Ying Xiang, CTO of MultiVAC. Today I will briefly introduce three things to you. One is what is MultiVAC and why we are different from others; the second is how MultiVAC works; the third is what everyone cares most about, how to mine on MultiVAC.
First, what is MultiVAC?
MultiVAC is an underlying framework for elastic and full-dimensional sharding. Let me briefly introduce these two concepts first.
The first is full-dimensional sharding. There are many projects saying that there are many contradictions in the blockchain, and how to reconcile them. I think this is not a simple thing to do well, and Storage is the key to the process of moving from a single-core computer to a multi-core computer. Only when sharding is required in all dimensions of machine storage and transmission, can it be possible at the computing and transmission levels Both can handle more and more complex data.
The second concept is the CAP triangle. Now many people are saying that the three are not contradictory, but consistency, availability, and partition tolerance are the triangles that cannot be broken through in a distributed system. If someone talks about this problem, he can If you solve it easily, then he must be a liar, trying to cheat you of money.
What MultiVAC is committed to providing is a basic model, a basic group, and combined in this way. On this system, we only provide the lowest-level framework, and the upper-level applications can choose according to their own choice, such as ICO, and different requirements have different requirements for the platform. Based on this requirement, we provide developers with a control. Developers can choose whether they want more consistent performance and chips, or a chip with more usability. The system can fully support such application scenarios, so that there is no need for cross-chain interaction between applications.
We released laboratory data in October last year, with a peak TPS of 30,784, which is very worth mentioning. On 3200 dual-core computers, we measured TPS to be 7700+, and then on 800 eight-core computers, we got almost the same performance. This means that it doesn't matter whether you use a supercomputer, a personal computer, or a regular node.
Above is our CEO, who is also the co-founder of this project. I won’t introduce the specific details. We have a lot of partners, including media, investors, etc. Our main team is from Google, Tsinghua University and Peking University. There are 7 or 8 Google engineers, and we are also very good. Our partners have given us a lot of support.
In the past few months, we have released technical white papers, sharding yellow papers, and programming purple papers. We are also doing a lot of technical exploration. We have reached the stage of Testnet 2.0. You can find our browser on the official website.
So how does MultiVAC technology do it? Let me briefly introduce why MultiVAC can achieve so many innovations. We have designed a very sophisticated underlying architecture with a large number of miners who can mine without a complete ledger. In many public chains, miners need to save a large amount of data. Bitcoin and Ethereum need to save hundreds of GB or several TB at every turn. In MultiVAC, a miner only needs to save a small amount of data. . How old is it? With a data structure of less than 1KB, you can participate in mining, verify transactions, generate blocks and package transactions, vote, and finally verify whether the block is reasonable. You can find specific details in our yellow paper.
All miners do not require a complete data structure and only need to store a very small amount of data. The storage node needs to store a lot of data, but the storage node does not have the right to control the data. It is equivalent to operators such as China Unicom. They can only provide hardware facilities, but they do not decide what data to run. The advantage is that miners only need a very low threshold to join, and miners can fully control the entire system without bringing any centralized nodes, which is an advantage of MultiVAC. Since the data required by miners is very small, less than 1K, you can jump between this shard and that shard. Now I want to go to that shard service. I only need to get 1KB, and I can go , only a few conditions are required to meet the requirements of mining.
Here is our specific data flow. I will not talk about the specific data details here. If you are interested, you can find more details in our yellow paper and purple paper.
I mainly talk about three points: First, miners can come and go like the wind in MultiVAC. Many people say that sharding is a security problem. I have 10,000 nodes in the whole network, and I divide it into 100 shards. These 100 people are easy to be attacked. But in the MultiVAC system, although miners are serving in a certain shard, they will jump to another shard after a few minutes, which will be very safe.
The second point is that the threshold for miners to join MultiVAC is very low. What are the requirements? Dual-core machine, 4GB memory, as long as you have such a computer, you can join us as a miner. Since our miner threshold is very low, it means that everyone can become our miner.
The third point: the rights of all MultiVAC blockchain systems belong to ordinary miners, and all miners are free to join us to form a truly decentralized system, which is a technical feature of MultiVAC.
Finally, let me briefly talk about how to mine in MultiVAC.
You can scan the QR code on the screen to see the current mining details. Currently we provide three forms of mining, one is cloud mining, which will be charged in the future, but it is free now, and cloud mining has been launched for more than a month. The second is client mining. If you have a dual-core 4GB machine, you can mine. We will release a client version soon. Next, I am planning the versions of IOS and Android. You only need to download the client to participate in mining. The third is storage node mining, which is specially aimed at users who have super-large hard disk storage and can become storage nodes. This will be officially released in version 3.0 of the testnet.
When we released Testnet 2.0, we announced the mining activities at the same time. At present, the total number of mortgages has exceeded 100 million, and more than 10 million MTV mining rewards have been issued. This is directly issued. At present, there are about 1,060 nodes in our system running, and each person got about 50,000+MTV when the reward was distributed last time. The daily fixed income is shared by all miners. Our entire system has only been in operation for one month. There are not many people participating at present, and the annualized rate of return exceeds 120%. With more and more miners, the rate of return will decrease to a certain extent, but the overall mining income is still very impressive. The more nodes there are, the more stable and reliable the entire system will be. We are now in the third stage of mining, where the mortgage amount is from 100 million to 150 million. You can mine through the cloud resources provided by the official, or you can join in group mining with other people. At this stage, we have some other incentives. If you invite friends to participate in mining, you will get additional rewards. New miners will double their mining income in the first seven days and other incentives. Welcome to scan our QR code to participate in mining activities.
