The word blockchain has experienced several ups and downs in recent years, from cutting-edge technological concepts, hot words on the market, to symbols of excessive consumption. Many people believe that blockchain is a tool to solve the pain points of many industries, and has the potential to become a catalyst for the birth of the next generation of "super business carriers".
However, the fabled epic change has not yet come, it has been put under the spotlight. Those who are interested will profit from it, and those who seek profit will pay blindly. Falling into the vortex of public opinion too early will harm and test the technology in the growth stage.
The actual situation today is that there are very few landing applications, there is still a distance between technology and industry connection, and the noise of speculators has overshadowed the "backbone voice" that really cares about technology and the industry. Odaily joins hands with the top new business media 36Kr, top technology leaders and academic elites to discuss how to embrace regulation, promote the industry to get rid of the dross and extract the essence, hand over traffic and voice to those who do things seriously, and use strength to let the blockchain land.
The word blockchain has experienced several ups and downs in recent years, from cutting-edge technological concepts, hot words on the market, to symbols of excessive consumption. Many people believe that blockchain is a tool to solve the pain points of many industries, and has the potential to become a catalyst for the birth of the next generation of "super business carriers".
The actual situation today is that there are very few landing applications, there is still a distance between technology and industry connection, and the noise of speculators has overshadowed the "backbone voice" that really cares about technology and the industry. Odaily joins hands with the top new business media 36Kr, top technology leaders and academic elites to discuss how to embrace regulation, promote the industry to get rid of the dross and extract the essence, hand over traffic and voice to those who do things seriously, and use strength to let the blockchain land.
On September 5th, at the blockchain POD conference hosted by Odaily and co-organized by 36Kr Group Strategy, TF Guo, the founder of Taxa Network, delivered a speech entitled "Taxa Network: Performance, Privacy & Usability for Every Blockchain".
Taxa Network solves an underlying problem, that is, how to bring more applications to the public chain, and solve the problems of privacy, performance, and usability involved in it through technical means. Taxa Network uses a Layer 2 off-chain solution to change the execution of smart contracts from on-chain to off-chain, and introduces trusted computing technology to realize smart contracts with high performance and strong privacy.
secondary title
Today I will mainly share with you what kind of problem Taxa Network solves, what methods we use to solve it, and some ideas of Taxa for future decentralized applications.
in additionTaxa Network solves a very low-level problem, that is, how can we bring more landing applications to the public chain. As you all know, although we have been talking about public chain applications for a long time since 2014, as of today, the truly hottest decentralized applications are still at a very simple level. I remember a tweet before, that is, the daily activities of the top five decentralized applications in the world, none of which are over 10,000. And what we think is if the public chain can realize some more valuable decentralized applications, and why can't we realize it now? What are we missing?Before answering this question, let's think about it. At present, what is the best blockchain application to land? At present, it is the alliance chain, and it is true that the alliance chain has gained more and more enterprises to implement it. Why do we need alliance chain? - Privacy, performance and highly customizable business logic. The reason why the public chain is still unable to achieve these is mainly due to technical limitations. And we are going to solve these problems through technical means.
1、in additionRegarding performance, we refer to vertical performance, not TPS. TPS should be regarded as the horizontal expansion of blockchain performance. We want to solve the vertical performance of blockchain.
2. Specifically, this performance refers to the performance of the smart contract itself. As we all know, the current mainstream public chain smart contracts can only implement very simple applications. And this performance limitation mainly comes from the consensus algorithm of the public chain, specifically:Time resources, the time resources for the execution of a single contract on the existing public chain are very limited and expensive.
3. For example, on a public chain with only 15 transactions per second, the execution time of a single contract is less than 0.1 second, which makes it impossible for you to execute some complex business logic.
Space resources, this is also because the current consensus algorithm of the public chain requires each node to copy all the states, so the space resources left for the contract are also very expensive.It also has no way to accept large amounts of data as input.
The consensus algorithm also limits our application in terms of privacy. All data is put on the blockchain and can be seen by people all over the world.
and
Taxa Network is preparing to implement a high-performance and strong privacy smart contract through a Layer2 off-chain solution. This smart contract has more abundant execution time and space resources while ensuring data privacy.The key to achieving all this is to switch the execution of smart contracts from on-chain to off-chain. How to understand this? The execution of the contract on the chain means that the completion of the state transition is a condition for the completion of a transaction, and all states must be recorded on the chain in real time. Currently, our public chain is doing this, which is very inefficient.
The idea of Taxa Network is to put the contracts that were originally executed on the chain off-chain, and decouple the consensus mechanism and logic execution of the public chain. Only when we need the final state transition, we will generate a chain asynchronously. On-chain transactions, and other times, we do not generate on-chain transactions. Taxa Network is such a decentralized architecture that focuses on executing smart contracts with high performance and strong privacy offline. This is also our vision for the design and architecture of decentralized applications in the future.
Okay, in addition, you may ask, does the so-called off-chain smart contract refer to the fact that we handed over a contract to all nodes for execution, but now we put a node in a black box, and the node will execute the contract after execution? Is it over for me? It's not that simple.
As we all know, if you want to execute smart contracts off-chain, you will immediately face three problems without the consensus system:
1. How can we ensure that this node executes the code I gave him?2. How can I ensure that the result of node execution is correct and has not been tampered with?3. If we still want to protect privacy, how can we ensure that this node does not secretly save a copy of our privacy?
If we execute under the chain, we must solve these three problems,
The key to solving these three problems lies in a problem that the security community has studied for a long time, called trusted computing.
The technical means adopted by the Taxa Network is a solution that we have chosen is relatively mature and can guarantee privacy and performance at the same time. It is a hardware-based computing technology. This technology can be understood as that we can allow a node to execute the contract code, and at the same time make the node unable to know what kind of data it is processing, and it has no way to interfere with the entire execution process. We can use this to implement such an environment that is completely isolated, not only isolated from the outside, but also isolated from the node itself, to execute such code.
At the same time, we ensure that this code execution allows the hardware to prove what kind of code it has executed. The technology adopted in the first stage of Taxa Network is a decentralized computing network based on trusted hardware, which can realize the function I just mentioned, and users can also directly put their private data directly through an encrypted transmission channel. In the hardware environment inside the node, although the node itself will transfer all the data as an intermediary, it cannot get any plaintext information, and there is no way to interfere with the execution of this privacy contract.Through the above, we have guaranteed privacy, performance, and highly customized business logic.
Well, we believe that hardware-based trusted computing will play a very important role in the blockchain, because it can guarantee privacy and performance while executing highly customized business logic.
As for the product,
Why did Taxa Network choose to make a Layer2? is based on the following considerations:
First of all, we believe that decentralized applications in the future will more clearly reflect a layered architecture, instead of making a protocol fatter and fatter. You can see that many of the functions we want today are actually contradictory to the original intention of the public chain design. For example, privacy (confidentiality) is not one of the blockchain design concepts at all. On the contrary, transparency is.
Another example is that in many commercial applications, you need data input outside the chain, which is called "oracle machine" (oracle), and what the blockchain pursues is consistency, which is a closed system and a contradiction. In many cases, you cannot expect to make a public chain protocol into a very fat protocol, but to have a layered architecture, with specialized functions between each layer, and excellent communication between layers. Take the logic layer and consensus layer as an example. For example, Bitcoin is already a programmable currency, and it also supports simple wallet unlocking logic. And our current smart contract platform based on the public chain is a step further, realizing Turing's complete smart contract. Of course, the vertical performance of this kind of smart contract is still very limited at present, mainly because it is subject to the consensus algorithm. The Taxa Network takes out the business logic of the smart contract separately and executes it off-chain. We can guarantee high vertical performance, including the ability to handle a large amount of data, execute more complex data, and protect privacy at the same time.
We will cooperate with public chains and decentralized storage. Taxa Network only focuses on implementing decentralized business logic. It does not include ledgers. Taxa Network only serves as an entrance or a bridge.
This is a layered design of Taxa. In fact, this is very similar to the modern design concept, the user-oriented client, the logic layer responsible for Taxa, and the subsequent data layer.
The above is the design of the Taxa node. We use hardware-based trusted computing nodes. Each node runs such a feasible hardware, and encourages everyone to build this decentralized network through economic incentives.
